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American Orientalism: The United States and the Middle East since 1945, by Douglas Little
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Douglas Little explores the stormy American relationship with the Middle East from World War II through the war in Iraq, focusing particularly on the complex and often inconsistent attitudes and interests that helped put the United States on a collision course with radical Islam early in the new millennium. After documenting the persistence of "orientalist" stereotypes in American popular culture, Little examines oil, Israel, and other aspects of U.S. policy. He concludes that a peculiar blend of arrogance and ignorance has led American officials to overestimate their ability to shape events in the Middle East from 1945 through the present day, and that it has been a driving force behind the Iraq war. For this updated third edition, Little covers events through 2007, including a new chapter on the Bush Doctrine, demonstrating that in many important ways, George W. Bush's Middle Eastern policies mark a sharp break with the past.
- Sales Rank: #413703 in eBooks
- Published on: 2008-04-01
- Released on: 2008-04-01
- Format: Kindle eBook
From Publishers Weekly
In contrast to many post-September 11 studies, which seek to satisfy the demand for instant analysis, Little's fascinating book is based on extensive and long-range research into the history of U.S.-Mideastern relations. Informative and well balanced, this work of diplomatic and political history raises provocative questions about that history that shed an intriguing light not only on the events of September 11 but on the past 60 years of American encounters with the Middle East. Little's overarching theme is the complex and sometimes inconsistent attitudes and interests that determined U.S. policy in the region. The author contends that American political activity has been hampered by profound cultural misunderstanding, resulting in unforeseen and unintended negative consequences. In eight invigorating chapters, Clark University historian Little (Malevolent Neutrality) focuses on the implications of oil, the persistence of racial and cultural stereotypes (whether anti-Semitic or anti-Islamic) and the importance of Israel in American foreign policy. After reviewing all the major episodes, he poses the important question of whether wealth and power have provided America with the moral authority necessary to control the Middle East. Little's own assessment is not entirely positive. His text is highly accessible, yet offers serious and careful analysis. At a time when the U.S. is possibly on the verge of a major military intervention in Iraq, this stimulating book is highly recommended.
Copyright 2002 Reed Business Information, Inc.
Review
'a useful corrective to American triumphalism...an exhaustive overview of the dominant economic, political and security concerns informing US policy ' Shelha Khan, The Muslim World Book Review
Review
A wonderfully rich and well-written narrative of American involvement in the Middle East since 1945. . . . [Readers] will ultimately find [Little's] account of American misperceptions of the Middle East and Islam convincing and will recognize that 'they don't hate us' for being benevolent and democratic and fair; rather, those that do 'hate us,' do so for decades of policies promoting exploitation of cheap oil (often through covert intervention) and Soviet containment rather than Arab-Muslim development, as well as American support for a strong Jewish state, all at the expense of everyday Arabs and Muslims.--The Review of Politics
An invaluable and ironic account of the misperceptions as well as the reality of the American presence in the Middle East, and an indispensable companion for understanding the dilemmas facing the U.S. in the region.--Wm. Roger Louis, University of Texas
This is a commendable work to all concerned with the Middle East.--Virginia Quarterly Review
Little's book is a valuable contribution to scholarly literature on U.S. involvement in the Middle East. . . . General readers will appreciate its lively prose, broad narrative sweep, and freedom from academic jargon. . . . An impressive achievement.--Reviews in American History
Little's detailed and well-documented chapters are very much in the manner of Twain, offering an ironic description of American thought and action regarding the Middle East. Not a bad thing, that.--Foreign Affairs
"What emerges clearly from [Little's account] is how little Washington understood the consequences of foisting its cold war obsessions upon a region with other things on its mind. . . . [An] entertainingly written series of essays.--The Nation
Seldom has a book been more timely or essential than Douglas Little's essays on American policy in the Middle East. . . . Little offers some refreshing clarity. He has combined broad reading and research with sober judgment to help readers understand the pattern of American Middle East policy.--Journal of American History
The timing of this book could not be better--it deals directly and effectively with American misconceptions about the Middle East, how they originated, and how they are linked to other attitudes. . . . An excellent resource for both professional and general readers. . . . A first-rate book, persuasively written, on a very important subject. . . . Essential.--Choice
Little provides literary flair, both in his references to fiction and in his own writing style. . . . A solid collection of essays dealing with multiple facets of U.S. relations with the Middle East and offers a bold and simple thesis about American attitudes toward the region.--Journal of Cold War Studies
A study of revolutions, Middle East-style. . . . It is remarkable how much of the inside story [Little] has been able to obtain. . . . Little's vigorously argued, thematic account is sound. . . . [This book is] aimed at attracting a wide readership, which [it] certainly deserves. . . . The book deals in an illuminating way with modernization and Westernization . . . and, equally, with the reaction in the Middle East against one or the other, or both.--Times Literary Supplement
Informative and well balanced, this work of diplomatic and political history raises provocative questions . . . that shed an intriguing light not only on the events of September 11 but on the past 60 years of American encounters with the Middle East.--Publishers Weekly
Douglas Little's American Orientalism is a superb analysis of the U.S. experience in the Middle East since 1945. It examines major issues such as culture and Orientalism, nationalism and revolution, economic development and national security, military and covert interventionism, and U.S. relations with various Middle East powers. Both insightful and entertaining, this book will appeal to specialists and non-specialists alike.--Peter L. Hahn, Ohio State University
A marvelous achievement. This is a highly readable, briskly paced, and exceptionally well-written, well-researched, and shrewdly analyzed account of U.S. relations with the Middle East over the past sixty years. Doug Little has produced not just a distinguished study, but perhaps the best book yet on the United States and the Middle East.--Robert J. McMahon, University of Florida
An excellent resource for students of the Middle East.--H-Levant
Most helpful customer reviews
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
If you are buying the Ebook for a college course, and have assigned reading with page numbers, you're gonna have a bad time!
By A. Reader
This review concerns the format, not the text or the book itself.
I ordered this book as required reading as part of a college course. College textbooks generally require page numbers, so that when the instructor assigns reading, one is able to actually find the relevant pages. Thanks to the shoddy formatting of the publishers, my Amazon Kindle Paperwhite's version of this textbook is absolutely worthless to me, and I will be forced to either purchase a paper copy, find a copy in my school's library (doubtful), or download an pirated PDF online. I will feel no remorse in doing so, as I have paid the full purchase price for what is essentially a worthless (to me) product.
If you are a college student, considering the purchase of this as an e-book for your kindle, I would suggest that you consider whether or not you will need page numbers. When you've been assigned to read pages __ through ___ and all your Kindle shows is "loc" then you're gonna have a bad time!
19 of 24 people found the following review helpful.
very readable history of U.S. involvement in the mid-east
By A Customer
I discovered this book when a chapter from it appeared in a collection of readings for a college class on national security. The chapter, "America and Israel: the making of a special relationship" impressed me with its account of the events involving the two countries from before Israel's statehood. I've now read the entire book and find that chapter and another, "Opportunities Lost and Found" dealing with the issue of the Palestinians and attempts to find a way to peace in the area are the best of the volume. To revisit events in a concise, chronological order gave me a new appreciation of the frustrations experienced there in the last 50 years.
Approaching the mid-east on different subjects, be it the oil issue, the Cold War, or the Arab nationalist movements, Little moves right along finding just the right amount of detail to relate. He is able to cover the same period repeatedly from different angles without repeating himself. Each chapter presented a new field of events to be tied into others already described. One comes away with a sense of the complexity of the mid-east. This is what Little is trying to convey.
I did not feel that the author portrayed the United States as "bad" by any means. What he is saying is that the U.S. desire to make things better combined with an often simplistic view of the Orient can easily get the U.S. into trouble. He points out the there is "occidentalism" in the view from the mid-east of the U.S. It's no accident that he discusses Mark Twain's book "Innocents Abroad" in the first chapter and returns to it in the last.
A second important point is that domestic politics can deflect the U.S. from a path it might otherwise follow, particularly in regard to Israel. Over the period covered, there has been no real Arab constituency in the United States, whereas pressure to support Israel has been constant, a fact acknowledged by every U.S. president from Truman on. There is no way the U.S. government can take an even-handed stand. Events described in the book provide evidence that momentary actions which are not interpreted as pro-Israel are all that can be taken by an American administration, because a groundswell of political opposition makes it's continuance impossible.
I've lived through the time period of most of the events described, but I was enlightened by the relationship between them that Little reveals. This is a solid book that will keep your interest throughout. As mentioned, it stood out among the 35 readings for the class I took and the book as a whole did not disappoint.
7 of 9 people found the following review helpful.
Admirable attempt, but comes up short
By Lee L.
In American Orientalism, Douglas Little sets out to chronicle America's involvement with the Middle East since 1945. On the whole, Little's work is an informative read, but there are several problems that ultimately keep the book from being successful.
The book is organized thematically, with chapters devoted to oil, the special relationship with Israel, and America's struggle against Arab nationalism, among other subjects. Within each chapter, Little begins around 1945 and works his way up to the Carter administration. Most of the major issues as far as American interests go are covered, and Little handles the topics in a thorough manner. However, there are some problems with the organization of the book. The first chapter deals with American "orientalism." In this chapter, Little discusses the ways in which Arabs have been historically portrayed in America. The chapter feels completely tacked on and does not fit in well with the rest of the book at all. There is an obsession with the magazine National Geographic that borders on the absurd, as if the ways in which the magazine portrayed Arabs somehow affected U.S. policy. It goes without saying that America at times portrays other cultures in a negative way, but this has nothing to do with the bulk of Little's work. A cynic might suggest that Little included this chapter for the sole reason of naming the book after it, which could possibly result in increased book sales among the Edward Said crowd. This is particularly troubling and perhaps hypocritical when Little refers to Yemen as a "backward" land on page 184.
Another issue that arises is the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Little does include a chapter on the subject, but it also does not seem to fit along with the rest of the book. Judgement should not necessarily be passed here since many historians treat the issue separately from U.S. involvement in the region during the period, but Little fails in integrating the topic into the rest of the book in a satisfactory manner. Unless an author is willing to devote the appropriate amount of space to an important topic, it should be left out of the book.
Stylistically, Little's writing is very difficult to navigate. His rampant use of passive voice and colloquial language is quite distracting. On numerous occasions Little refers to the President as "the man in the Oval Office, or the State Department as "Foggy Bottom." This might not bother some, but it comes across as unprofessional and informal. It's hard to imagine the final version of this book making it past an editor's desk because in the end, these flaws detract from the effectiveness of the book in a major way. When passive voice or other indices of poor writing show up almost every other paragraph, the book's 328 pages seem particularly long and burdensome.
Some significant faults aside, Little's book is still worth the read. Even though the scope is decidedly smaller, Salim Yaqub's Containing Arab Nationalism is by far a superior piece of research covering the Eisenhower administration and the struggle against Nasser and should be read along with American Orientalism, perhaps first. Readers will also have to look elsewhere for a more complete take on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the Anglo-American response to it.
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